Iran: A kids’ guide to its history, culture and modern life

This children’s article, Iran: A kids’ guide to its history, culture and modern life, has been written for native English speakers and learners of English as a second or foreign language. It can help children practise reading and comprehension, learn useful vocabulary, and understand an important country that is often in the news. Written by Mark Pulley, a teacher and writer who creates fun and informative news articles for English learners.

From ancient Persia to modern Iran

Iran is a large country in western Asia. Long ago, it was known as Persia. The Persian Empire was one of the greatest ancient civilisations in the world. Around 2,500 years ago, rulers such as Cyrus the Great built an empire that stretched across parts of Asia, Africa and Europe.

Persia was famous for its beautiful palaces, clever engineers and strong armies. It also became known for poetry, science and art. In 1935, the country officially asked the world to call it Iran, which means “Land of the Aryans” in an ancient language.

Iranian culture and traditions

Iran has a rich and colourful culture. Most Iranians speak Persian, which is also called Farsi. The country is famous for its traditional music, detailed carpets and delicious foods such as rice dishes and kebabs.

One of the most important celebrations in Iran is Nowruz, the Persian New Year. It begins in spring and has been celebrated for more than 3,000 years. As with many spring festivals around the world, families clean their homes, prepare special meals and visit relatives. 

Iran is also home to mountains, deserts and ancient cities. The capital city, Tehran, is busy and modern, while places like Isfahan are known for their stunning 17th-century mosques and bridges.

Life in modern Iran

Today, Iran has a population of more than 85 million people. Iran’s government is called an Islamic Republic. This means religious leaders play an important role in politics. The country has a president, but there is also a Supreme Leader who has significant power.

Iran has large reserves of oil and gas, which are important natural resources. These resources help the country’s economy, but they have also played a part in disagreements with other nations.

Why is Iran often in the news?

Iran and the United States have had a difficult relationship for many years. Tension increased after the Iranian Revolution in 1979, when Iran’s government changed, and relations with the US became strained.

In recent years, disagreements have focused on Iran’s nuclear programme. Some countries worry that Iran could develop nuclear weapons, while Iran says its nuclear work is for peaceful purposes, such as producing energy.

These political disagreements sometimes lead to sanctions. Sanctions are restrictions that countries place on others, usually regarding trade or money. They can make life harder for ordinary people. It is important to remember that political tension is between governments, not between ordinary citizens.

Iran remains an important and powerful country with a long history and a proud culture. Hopefully, it will have a peaceful future.

Article vocabulary list

• Empire: A group of countries or lands ruled by one leader or government.
• Civilisation: A society with organised government, culture and technology.
• Tradition: A custom or belief passed down through generations.
• Islamic Republic: A country where religious laws and leaders have an important role in government.
• Resource: Something valuable that a country can use, such as oil or gas.
• Nuclear programme: A country’s plans and activities involving nuclear energy or technology.
• Sanctions: Official restrictions placed on trade or money between countries.

Comprehension questions

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